BLOOD TESTS - A
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH, is a test for pituitary function and is used in appraising adrenal gland dysfunction. ACTH levels show a diurnal variation, with zenith between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. and reaching their lowest point between 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. Cortisol and ACTH levels are usually evaluated together because any change in one causes a change in the other. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: ACTH should be drawn between 7-10 AM
This panel contains the following tests:
Complete Blood Count (CBC) | Ferritin | Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) | Vitamin B12 | Folate
Anemia is a condition where you have less than the normal number of red blood cells in blood or when the red blood cells in blood don’t have enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that gives the red color to blood. Its main job is to carry oxygen from lungs to all parts of body. For anemic people, blood does not carry enough oxygen to all the parts of body. Without oxygen, organs and tissues cannot work as well as they should. The test panel checks iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, and the bone marrow’s ability to produce red blood cells. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Arsenic is a heavy metal, typically used in pesticides, rodenticides, weed killers, paint, and wood preservatives. It is a contaminant in food and water sources. Shellfish and other seafood, as well as fruits, vegetables, and rice; are the foods most commonly contaminated. Arsenic poisoning typically occurs as a result of industrial exposure, from contaminated wine, or illegally distilled spirits. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test is used to detect hereditary decreases in the production of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). AAT is responsible for inactivating endoproteases (protein catabolic enzymes). Sparse levels of AAT can be a factor in chronic obstructive lung disease and liver disease. Raised levels can also be an indication of inflammatory states (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, bacterial infection, vasculitis, neoplasia). An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
This test detects antibodies to nuclear antigens. The ANA test screens for autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and Sjögren’s syndrome. It is used as one of the tests to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
The apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) blood test is used to evaluate survival rate or risk factors for individuals with past heart attacks and peripheral vascular diseases. Apo A-1 recycles cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver for further processing. It keeps the arteries clear of plaque-forming cholesterol. A 12 to 14 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) tests are used to evaluate testicular cancer. The measurement of AFP in serum, along with serum hCG, is routine for monitoring patients with testicular cancer. Monitoring the rate of AFP clearance from serum after treatment is an indicator of the effectiveness of therapy. Conversely, the growth rate of progressive cancer can be monitored by serially measuring serum AFP concentration over time. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test detects antibodies to nuclear antigens. The ANA test screens for autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and Sjögren’s syndrome. It is used as one of the tests to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Initial symptoms that are often intermittent and unspecific until a disease becomes acute. Hence it is important to identify an autoimmune disease early. Researchers have identified 80-100 different autoimmune diseases and suspect at least 40 additional diseases of having an autoimmune basis.3 These diseases are chronic and can be life-threatening. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases seems to be increasing and is one of the top 10 causes of death in women up to 64 years of age. Fasting is not required. Take all medications as prescribed.
Amylase is used as in the diagnostic study for abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. These findings characterize inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). Pancreatitis is also associated with abnormalities in calcium metabolism. About 80% of subjects with acute pancreatitis have increased serum amylase within 24 hours. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
The apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) blood test is used to evaluate survival rate or risk factors for individuals with past heart attacks and peripheral vascular diseases. Apo A-1 recycles cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver for further processing. It keeps the arteries clear of plaque-forming cholesterol. A 12 to 14 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - B
This panel contains the following tests:
Vitamin B12 | Folate
B12 and folic acid blood testing help doctors diagnose central nervous system disorders, anemia, and malabsorption syndromes. B12 and folic acid also play an important role in energy level, muscle strength, and memory. Primary food sources for B12 and folate include egg yolks, beef, poultry, and fish. Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) found in the urine is often associated with the early stages of B12 deficiency. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
A blood type test is taken to know one’s blood type. It is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited proteins on the surface of red blA blood type test is taken to know one’s blood type. It is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited proteins on the surface of red blood cells. Some of these proteins are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues.
The possible blood types are: O positive, O negative, A positive, A negative, B positive, B negative, AB positive and AB negative. Type O negative is a universal donor and AB positive is a universal recipient. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed. Some of these proteins are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues.
The possible blood types are: O positive, O negative, A positive, A negative, B positive, B negative, AB positive and AB negative. Type O negative is a universal donor and AB positive is a universal recipient. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
The possible blood types are: O positive, O negative, A positive, A negative, B positive, B negative, AB positive and AB negative. Type O negative is a universal donor and AB positive is a universal recipient. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed. Some of these proteins are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues.
The possible blood types are: O positive, O negative, A positive, A negative, B positive, B negative, AB positive and AB negative. Type O negative is a universal donor and AB positive is a universal recipient. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Bone loss is a condition which occurs as a result of an imbalance between bone re-absorption (disappearance) and bone formation. Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction of bone mass and integrity making people more susceptible to fractures. Osteoporosis generally occurs with increasing age and in post-menopausal women. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP) is a useful marker of active bone formation. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - C
C-peptide is used to monitor insulin production and kidney function. The test is not used to diagnose diabetes. Instead, it is used to determine how much insulin a person’s pancreas is still producing. Sometimes a C-peptide test may be used to help evaluate a person diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors that includes abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. High levels of C-peptide generally indicate increased production of insulin. This may be in response to high levels of blood glucose and/or insulin resistance. High levels of C-peptide are also seen with pregnancy, Cushing’s syndrome, and kidney dysfunction. Low levels are commonly associated with insulin treatment since C-peptide concentrations reflect only the body’s own production of insulin and not administered insulin (such as in an insulin dependent diabetic). A 14 to 16 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 19-9 is used to monitor treatment and reoccurrence of pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and gynecological cancers. It is also elevated in some non-cancerous conditions, such as pancreatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Ceruloplasmin is a protein produced by the liver that binds copper for transport in the blood. Decreased production of this protein causes copper to be deposited in body tissues such as the brain, liver, corneas and kidneys. Fasting is not required for this test. Always take medications as prescribed. Do not take supplements the day of the test.
The complement system is a group of proteins that are important in defense against infection and play a role in the development of inflammation. There are nine major complement proteins called C1 through C9. Complement component C3 is the most important and abundant protein in the complement system. This blood test measures component 3 (C3) of the complement system. Deficiency of C3 may be associated with active Lupus, recurrent bacterial infections, and acute glomerulonephritis (a type of kidney disease caused by problems with body’s immune system). Fasting is not required. Take all medications as prescribed.
Copper is an important trace mineral for enzymes involved in the formation of red blood cells and connective tissue proteins. Copper increases with inflammatory conditions and estrogen supplementation. It may be low with low serum protein and malnutrition without necessarily reflecting inadequate liver copper stores. Some signs of copper deficiency include certain types of anemia, low white blood cell count, osteoporosis, and impaired immune system response.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Creatine kinase is an enzyme secreted into the bloodstream by muscle tissue throughout the body. It is used as a marker of heart attack, severe muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis), muscular dystrophy and kidney disease. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Calcitonin is a hormone produced by special cells in the thyroid called C-cells. Calcitonin is involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood and inhibits bone breakdown (resorption). A calcitonin test provides additional information if there are symptoms of medullary thyroid cancer or a family history of this condition. Calcitonin also appears to be a valuable aid in the management of certain types of osteoporosis. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is normally produced by cells of the digestive tract during early fetal life. CEA is useful as a tumor marker to determine the extent of disease and its prognosis in persons with gastrointestinal and breast cancer. CEA can also be used to monitor response to therapy. CEA levels are elevated in smokers as well as other non-cancerous conditions such as inflammation from recent infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Chromium is a mineral that affects insulin, carbohydrate, fat, and protein levels in the body. Working in the following industries may result in increased chromium levels:
Leather tanningChromium is a mineral that affects insulin, carbohydrate, fat, and protein levels in the body. Working in the following industries may result in increased chromium levels:
Leather tanning | Electroplating | Steel manufacturing
This test is not intended to monitor chromium levels in people with diabetes. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Electroplating | Steel manufacturing
This test is not intended to monitor chromium levels in people with diabetes. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
The complement system is a group of proteins that are important in defense against infection and play a role in the development of inflammation. There are nine major complement proteins called C1 through C9. Complement component C3 is the most important and abundant protein in the complement system. This blood test measures component 3 (C3) of the complement system. Deficiency of C3 may be associated with active Lupus, recurrent bacterial infections, and acute glomerulonephritis (a type of kidney disease caused by problems with body’s immune system). Fasting is not required. Take all medications as prescribed.
Cortisol is the major adrenal steroid hormone and is controlled by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus. The body’s stress increases cortisol in order to mobilize energy to manage and resolve the it. Chronic stress can fatigue the adrenal gland which can disrupt its normal diurnal control over cortisol. This disruption can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, insomnia, depression and anxiety. So if you’re feeling tired and stressed out, check cortisol level. Ideally, this test should be checked in the morning around 8 a.m. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Cystatin-C is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function as it predicts the risk of developing chronic kidney disease, thereby signaling a state of ‘preclinical’ kidney dysfunction. The test also predicts new-onset cardiovascular disease and brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
CA 125 is a protein present in normal ovarian tissue and appears in the blood when protective barriers are destroyed. This test is a tumor marker for monitoring disease progression and reoccurrence in ovarian cancer. CA 125 can also be detected in other cancers such as pancreas, liver, colon, breast and lung. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This panel contains the following tests:
Epinephrine | Norepinephrine | Dopamine
The adrenal glands make large amounts of catecholamines as a reaction to stress. The main catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine. Certain rare tumors of the adrenal glands can also increase the amount of catecholamines in the blood and urine. A 4 or more hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink water to stay hydrated and take medications as prescribed.
Special Note: Walnuts, bananas, and smoking should be avoided for a week prior to the blood test. Epinephrine, epinephrine-like drugs, and alpha-methyldopa are all medications that can invalidate the results of this test.
Chromogranin A (CGA) is a protein found in and released from neuroendocrine cells. The Chromogranin A test is used as a tumor marker. It may be ordered in combination with or in place of serotonin to help as an aid to diagnose carcinoid syndrome. Typical carcinoid symptoms include:
Flushing | Diarrhea | Abdominal pain | Wheezing | Valvular heart disease
Measurement of Chromogranin A is also useful as a tumor marker for adrenal tumors as well as small cell lung carcinoma.Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
The complement system is a group of proteins that are important in defense against infection and play a role in the development of inflammation. This blood test measures component 4 (C4) of the complement system. Deficiency of C4 is closely linked to development of autoimmune diseases such as Lupus and Rheumatoid arthritis. Fasting is not required. Take all medications as prescribed.
Typically cortisol is highest in the morning and drops during the day for most people. Some people have a “reverse” cortisol curve where it is higher at night instead of being highest in the morning. Obtaining a morning and late afternoon cortisol value provides more information regarding an individual’s daily fluctuation in cortisol. Also, in conjunction with DHEA-S the Cortisol test allows doctor the opportunity to better evaluate overall adrenal function. Since cortisol levels normally fluctuate throughout the day, a blood level is checked in the morning around 8 a.m. and again in the afternoon around 4 p.m. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpes virus family that includes the two well-known herpes viruses, I and II, the chickenpox virus, and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These viruses infect humans, stay in the body till the end. When infected, it may produce symptoms indistinguishable from infectious mononucleosis, such as fever, fatigue, muscle aches, enlarged spleen and liver inflammation. IgG is an antibody. Antibodies are proteins produced by our immune system during infection. IgG antibodies typically remain for a person’s lifetime and usually indicate that a person had the infection at some point in the past (non-acute). Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is a protein produced by normal and cancerous cells. It is typically used to monitor breast cancer progression and reoccurrence. CA 15-3 can also be elevated in some non-cancerous conditions such as liver disease, sarcoidosis, and lupus as well as other forms of cancer. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Celiac disease is a lifelong digestive disorder affecting both children and adults. Celiac disease is not a food allergy and is not the same as a wheat allergy; it is actually an autoimmune disease. If a person stops eating foods with gluten (for typically 3-6 months) before being tested, the results may be negative for celiac disease even if the disease is present. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Celiac disease is a lifelong digestive disorder affecting both children and adults. Celiac disease is not a food allergy and is not the same as a wheat allergy; it is actually an autoimmune disease. If a person stops eating foods with gluten (for typically 3-6 months) before being tested, the results may be negative for celiac disease even if the disease is present. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Thyroid gland sits in the lower portion of neck and acts as the metabolic throttle for every cell in body. When thyroid doesn’t function efficiently, it can affect every cell in body. Since symptoms can often be vague such as fatigue, depression, and weight gain, many people are not tested for thyroid dysfunction. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Cortisol is the major adrenal steroid hormone and is controlled by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus. The body’s stress response increases cortisol in order to mobilize energy to manage and resolve the stressor. Cortisol levels rise and fall during the day. The highest levels typically occur at about 6 a.m. to 8 a.m. and the lowest levels at about midnight.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpes virus family that includes the two well-known herpes viruses, I and II, the chickenpox virus, and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These viruses infect humans, stay in the body till the end. When infected, it may produce symptoms indistinguishable from infectious mononucleosis, such as fever, fatigue, muscle aches, enlarged spleen and liver inflammation. IgM is an antibody. Antibodies are proteins produced by our immune system when we have some kind of infection. IgM antibodies do not persist in the blood for more than a few months. A high level of IgM antibodies indicates a recent (acute) infection. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - D
D-dimer is a test that measures the tendency of blood to clot inappropriately. The higher the number the greater the risk for conditions such as DVT (deep vein thrombosis), pulmonary embolism, and arterial plaque rupture. Clotting indicates greater risk for heart disease and stroke. D-dimer is done with symptoms of DVT, such as leg pain, tenderness, swelling, discoloration, edema; or symptoms of PE, such as labored breathing, coughing, and lung-related chest pain. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
DHEA is a precursor for the sex steroids including estrogen and testosterone. It is primarily produced in the adrenal gland with a small amount secreted by the ovaries. DHEA plays an important role in immune function and stress response. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with any hormones, it is important to take them approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with any hormones, it is important to take them approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn.
DHT is a potent form of testosterone required for male sexual development. However, aging men tend to have higher levels of DHT that could lead to problems such as hair loss and prostate dysfunction. Additionally, men and women on testosterone therapy should always check their testosterone blood level to make sure that it stays within an optimal range. Remember, women with higher levels of DHT can also lose their hair. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - E
Chronic inflammation is the common denominator of all age-related disease. We offer a wide variety of tests which measure the level of inflammation in the body. The ESR or SED rate is a nonspecific test used to detect chronic inflammation associated with infections, autoimmune disorders and cancer. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Estradiol is the predominant sex hormone present in females and is also found at lower levels in men. It represents the major estrogen in humans. Estradiol not only impacts reproductive and sexual functioning, but also affects other systems including bone health, heart health, nerves and metabolism. For women, it is important to compare the relationship between estradiol and progesterone in evaluating menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, mood disorders, and aging skin. In men, high levels of estradiol are associated with abdominal fat, enlargement of the prostate and cardiovascular risk. In both men and women, low levels of estradiol are associated with osteoporosis. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with estradiol, it is important to take it approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn. Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with estradiol, it is important to take it approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn. Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
BLOOD TESTS - F
This test is used to evaluate levels of coagulant factor VIII. A deficiency in Factor VIII is known as hemophilia A. It is the most common of the hereditary bleeding disorders. Elevated levels are associated with the development of the geriatric syndrome of frailty. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Estradiol is the predominant sex hormone present in females and is also found at lower levels in men. It represents the major estrogen in humans. Estradiol not only impacts reproductive and sexual functioning, but also affects other systems including bone health, heart health, nerves and metabolism. For women, it is important to compare the relationship between estradiol and progesterone in evaluating menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, mood disorders, and aging skin. In men, high levels of estradiol are associated with abdominal fat, enlargement of the prostate and cardiovascular risk. In both men and women, low levels of estradiol are associated with osteoporosis. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with estradiol, it is important to take it approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn. Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with estradiol, it is important to take it approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn. Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
The fibrinogen test is used to detect suspected bleeding disorders or abnormal blood clotting. Test also identifies congenital (genetic) problems called afibrinogenemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and elevated fibrinolytic activity. An elevated blood level of fibrinogen increases risk for coronary heart disease. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: Individuals using oral contraceptives are found to have increased levels.
Special Note: Individuals using oral contraceptives are found to have increased levels.
FSH and LH are produced by the brain in order to control the production and release of sex hormones including testosterone and estrogen. FSH and LH regulate the development, growth and reproductive processes of the body. In aging men and women, a rise in FSH and LH indicates the onset of menopause and/or andropause. In women that are still menstruating, low levels of FSH and LH may indicate excessive estrogen and may lead to estrogen dominance. In this hormonal state there is an increased risk for disorder such as polycystic ovarian disease and fibrocystic breast disease. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This single specimen test is intended for the detection of hemoglobin from blood in fecal specimens. A positive result should be followed up with additional diagnostic procedures, such as colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, to determine the exact cause and source of the blood in the feces. Repeat testing is recommended if a pathological condition is suspected. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Folic acid blood testing diagnoses central nervous system disorders and anemia. This nutrient also plays an important role in energy level, muscle strength and memory. Folic acid is derived solely from dietary intake such as egg yolks, beef, poultry and fish. Many people are deficient in this important nutrient. Measuring the amount of folate within the red blood cell is a more reliable test than a serum measurement. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: Supplements containing folic acid should be avoided for 3-5 days preceding the test.
Special Note: Supplements containing folic acid should be avoided for 3-5 days preceding the test.
This panel contains the following tests:
DHEA-S | Estradiol | Free and Total Testosterone | Progesterone
Fatigue, weight gain, abdominal discomfort, headaches, even aging skin could be due to a food allergy. Consideration of food allergy is a critical component of any comprehensive approach to good health. The Food Safe Allergy Test measures sensitivity to certain foods from an antibody-mediated immune response. The antibody measured in this test is IgG. This test does not measure the dangerous rapid-acting IgE food allergies. The Food Safe Allergy test comes conveniently packaged as a kit. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Note: Results for this test takes 4-6 weeks.
Note: Results for this test takes 4-6 weeks.
Ferritin is a protein produced in the liver for the storage of iron. Ferritin is a sensitive and specific test to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. In general, a healthy ferritin level is greater than 20 ng/mL. Higher levels of ferritin, greater than 400 ng/mL, are consistent with iron overload which is called hemochromatosis. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Amylase is used as in the diagnostic study for abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. These findings characterize inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). Pancreatitis is also associated with abnormalities in calcium metabolism. About 80% of subjects with acute pancreatitis have increased serum amylase within 24 hours. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - G
GGT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) is an enzyme produced by the liver. It is used by doctors to diagnose obstructions in the biliary system, pancreatitis and liver disease. GGT may also be elevated in liver and pancreatic cancer, alcoholism, and is sometimes used as a marker for tumor progression as well as evaluating response to treatment. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed. Special Note: Individuals taking phenytoin or phenobarbital can have falsely elevated GGT.
Glucose is the primary blood sugar used by cells to make energy. Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas that delivers glucose to cells throughout the body. After every meal the pancreas respond by releasing insulin to transport the glucose into the cells. High blood glucose levels are associated with diabetes, neuropathy, eye problems, heart disease and stroke. Optimal range for fasting blood glucose is 70-85 mg/dL. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
A blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in blood. Glucose comes from carbohydrates in food and is the main source of energy for the bA blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in blood. Glucose comes from carbohydrates in food and is the main source of energy for the body. Normally, blood glucose levels increase slightly after eating. This increase causes pancreas to release insulin so that blood glucose levels do not get too high. Blood glucose levels that remain high over time can damage eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. This test measures blood glucose exactly 2 hours after eating.
BLOOD TESTS - H
This test is used as a tumor marker for certain cancers. It is used to evaluate and monitor male individuals with testicular tumors. This test is also used to determine the presence of hCG in individuals with gestational trophoblastic disease. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test is used to determine the number of international units (IU) of the hepatitis C virus' RNA per milliliter of serum or plasma in known HCV-positive patients. Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but once established, it can progress to chronic scarring of the liver (fibrosis and cirrhosis). In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure or other complications of cirrhosis, including liver cancer. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread by blood-to-blood contact. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test is used to determine the number of international units (IU) of the hepatitis C virus' RNA per milliliter of serum or plasma in known HCV-positive patients. Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but once established, it can progress to chronic scarring of the liver (fibrosis and cirrhosis). In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure or other complications of cirrhosis, including liver cancer. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread by blood-to-blood contact. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test measures for IgG antibodies to H. pylori which are strongly associated with chronic gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) and peptic ulcer disease. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that can inhabit various areas of the stomach and small intestine. It causes a chronic low-level inflammation of the stomach lining and is strongly linked to the development of ulcers and stomach cancer. Over 80% of individuals infected with the bacteria are asymptomatic. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but once established, it can progress to chronic scarring of the liver (fibrosis and cirrhosis). In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure or other complications of cirrhosis, including liver cancer. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread by blood-to-blood contact. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test is intended for use in screening individuals who may be at risk for heart disease and stroke. Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. High blood levels may directly damage the delicate endothelial cells that line the inside of arteries and result in vascular inflammation, blood clot formation, and arterial plaque rupture. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) evaluates long-term blood sugar control. Serum glucose reacts with important proteins in the body rendering them nonfunctional in a process called glycation. Hemoglobin A1C is a reflection of this detrimental reaction. Doctors often follow this blood test in diabetics to monitor disease progression and the effects of treatment. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Hepatitis Panel (A, B, C), AcuteHepatitis Panel (A, B, C), Acute
The C-Reactive Protein (CRP) blood test measures the level of systemic inflammation. Uncontrolled systemic inflammation places you at risk for many degenerative diseases like heart disease and stroke. The C-Reactive Protein test is highly sensitive and measures even the smallest amount of inflammation in body. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease affecting the liver, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but once established, it can progress to chronic scarring of the liver (fibrosis and cirrhosis). In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure or other complications of cirrhosis, including liver cancer. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is spread by blood-to-blood contact. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test is intended for use in screening individuals who may be at risk for heart disease and stroke. Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. High blood levels may directly damage the delicate endothelial cells that line the inside of arteries and result in vascular inflammation, blood clot formation, and arterial plaque rupture. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) is used as an aid in monitoring recurrence of progressive disease in women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Combining Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) and HE4 provides a more accurate predictor of malignancy than either alone. HE4 should not be used for monitoring women with mucinous or germ cell ovarian cancer and should not be used for cancer screening. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - I
This blood test measures fasting insulin and is used in the diagnosis of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to eating carbohydrates. Insulin facilitates the transport of the carbohydrates and sugars from the bloodstream into the cells. Once inside, the sugars are used by the cells to make energy. Excess insulin is clinically defined when levels are equal to or greater than 15 µIU/mL. Insulin resistance, the hallmark of type II diabetes, occurs with excessive carbohydrate intake. In this case, insulin does not work optimally to drive glucose into the cells and tissues and results in high blood glucose. Excessive high blood glucose levels can have numerous adverse consequences including: cardiovascular disease, nerve damage and kidney problems. An ideal insulin level to be <5 µIU/mL. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Iron plays a principle role in the formation and maturation of red blood cells. Of the body's normal 4-5 grams of iron, approximately 65% resides in hemoglobin with a small amount also being found in muscle and in cellular enzymes throughout the body's tissues. Any remaining iron is stored mostly in the liver bound to a protein called ferritin. The amount of ferritin found in blood shows how much iron is stored in body. Transferrin is a protein that transports iron from intestines to cells throughout body. Normally, about 1/3 of the transferrin in body is being used to transport iron. The percent of transferrin that has iron bound to it is called iron saturation.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) functions as a binding protein for IGF-1. IGF-1 is primarily produced by the liver as an endocrine hormone and plays an influential role in virtually every system from muscle, bone, and connective tissue growth and repair, to the selective regulation of various aspects of metablism, as well as helping maintain normal brain function and cardiac health. IGFBP-3 is related to the production and secretion of growth hormone (GH). However, IGFBP-3 appears constant over a 24-hour period, making it a useful bio-marker to help assess blood levels of GH. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test is used to identify elevated levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6). Chronic inflammation modulated by cytokines such as IL-6, is the common denominator of all age-related disease. While cytokines are important in the inflammatory response as well as a healthy immune response, the cytokines themselves have the potential for inducing damage, especially at high levels. Elevated IL-6 levels may occur in different conditions including and not limited to: chronic infections, autoimmune disorders, certain cancers, and Alzheimer's disease. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Ionized calcium is the form of calcium that is free or unbound to serum protein (mainly albumin). Measurement of ionized calcium points to signs of kidney disease, parathyroid disease, and certain conditions that alter levels of albumin. However, total calcium remains the first line test for evaluation of calcium abnorIonized calcium is the form of calcium that is free or unbound to serum protein (mainly albumin). Measurement of ionized calcium points to signs of kidney disease, parathyroid disease, and certain conditions that alter levels of albumin. However, total calcium remains the first line test for evaluation of calcium abnormality. A 6 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.mality. A 6 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Free or unbound to serum protein (mainly albumin) type of calcium is called ionised calcium. Levels of ionized calcium provides insight on signs of kidney disease, parathyroid disease, and certain conditions that alter levels of albumin. However, total calcium remains the first line test for evaluation of calcium abnormality.
Calcium is the only mineral that has its own regulatory system (the parathyroid glands). Parathyroid glands control how much calcium is in our bones, and how much calcium is in our blood. A 6 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
This panel contains the following tests:
Iron, Serum | Iron Saturation | Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) | Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC)
An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed. Iron measurements following blood donations or transfusions should be delayed for one week.
BLOOD TESTS - L
This test measures the relative percentage of isoenzymes (LD1-5).
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is an enzyme found in almost all of the body's cells, but only a small amount of it is usually detectable in the blood. LD is released from the cells into the bloodstream when cells are damaged or destroyed. Because of this, the LD test can be used as a general marker of injury to cells. In general, the isoenzyme locations are as follows:
LD-1:heart, red cells, kidney
LD-2: heart, red blood cells, kidney (lesser amounts than LD-1)
LD-3:lungs and other tissues
LD-4:white blood cells, lymph nodes, muscle, liver (lesser amounts than LD-5)
LD-5:liver, skeletal muscle
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is an enzyme found in almost all of the body's cells, but only a small amount of it is usually detectable in the blood. LD is released from the cells into the bloodstream when cells are damaged or destroyed. Because of this, the LD test can be used as a general marker of injury to cells. In general, the isoenzyme locations are as follows:
LD-1:heart, red cells, kidney
LD-2: heart, red blood cells, kidney (lesser amounts than LD-1)
LD-3:lungs and other tissues
LD-4:white blood cells, lymph nodes, muscle, liver (lesser amounts than LD-5)
LD-5:liver, skeletal muscle
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Lipase is used as a work-up for abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Such findings characterize inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). Pancreatitis is also associated with abnormalities in calcium metabolism. Usually acute pancreatitis leads to increased serum lipase within 24 hours. This test does not require fasting. Take all medications as prescribed. Do not take supplements the morning of the test.
The Lp(a) test is used to measure the blood level of small dense lipoproteins, which are a direct link to the formation of arterial plaques (atherosclerosis), and is a strong indicator for coronary heart disease.
Elevated blood levels of lipoprotein are associated with increased risk of cardiac death in individuals with a history of acute heart attacks and coronary bypass procedures. Lp(a) also increases risk for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Special Note: Intake of alcohol, aspirin, niacin, and estrogen supplements have the potential of causing a misrepresentation of true Lp(a) concentrations.
This test is for those taking prescription lithium. The test does NOT provide a normal reference range for lithium, it only provides a therapeutic reference range to ensure adequate dosing of prescription lithium. It may be used to measure blood levels every few days when a person first begins taking lithium to help adjust the dose and reach the desired blood level. The test may also be used at regular intervals to monitor blood concentrations. Lithium is used to treat mood disorders. Lithium blood tests need to be taken at least 12 hours after the last dose of lithium to make sure the test is reliable. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - M
Magnesium is one of the body's most important minerals. It is required as a co-factor in hundreds of enzymatic processes within cells. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, promotes a healthy cardiovascular function, supports a healthy immune system, and keeps bones strong. Magnesium also helps maintain blood sugar and blood pressure levels already within normal range, and it is known to be involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This panel contains the following tests:
DHEA-S | Estradiol | Free and Total Testosterone | PSA
DHEA-S | Estradiol | Free and Total Testosterone | PSA
This panel contains the following tests:
DHT | Pregnenolone
This panel provides information about a testosterone metabolite (DHT) that can affect the prostate, and the mother hormone (pregnenolone) that acts as a precursor to all other hormones. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with any hormones, it is important to take them approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn.
Mercury is a naturally occurring element whose exposure at high levels can harm the brain, heart, kidneys, lungs and immune system. The signs of mercury poisoning are impaired speech, lack of coordination of movements and impairment of peripheral vision. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed. Avoid seafood for 72 hours prior to the blood draw.
BLOOD TESTS - P
The parathyroid hormone blood test is used in detecting parathyroid disease, detecting and monitoring other diseases of calcium homeostasis and is used for monitoring individuals undergoing renal dialysis.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands and acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood. PTH acts upon parathyroid hormone receptors in three parts of the body:
1 - Bone — takes calcium out of the bones, making bones less dense.
2 - Kidneys — puts calcium back into the blood from urine.
3 - Intestines — increases calcium absorption from the gut.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands and acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood. PTH acts upon parathyroid hormone receptors in three parts of the body:
1 - Bone — takes calcium out of the bones, making bones less dense.
2 - Kidneys — puts calcium back into the blood from urine.
3 - Intestines — increases calcium absorption from the gut.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Waste products from blood are filtered by kidneys, while retaining components the body needs including proteins. Low levels of protein in urine are normal. Temporarily high levels of protein in urine aren't unusual either, especially after exercise or during an illness. However, some diseases and conditions can allow proteins to pass through the filters of kidneys, causing protein in urine. A protein to creatinine ratio may used if a person occasionally has some degree of protein in their urine without apparent kidney dysfunction. This test may also be used to monitor people with chronic kidney disease. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a small protein secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of the heart muscles cells (myocytes). BNP is secreted into the blood when heart is working hard. The level of BNP is elevated in people with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. B-type natriuretic peptide blood levels correlate with both the severity of symptoms and the prognosis in congestive heart failure. This blood test is a useful marker of heart disease risk, even in people with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. High blood levels of BNP predict the risk for heart failure, first cardiovascular events, atrial fibrillation, and stroke. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
The serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) test measures specific proteins in the blood.
Blood serum contains two major protein groups: albumin and globulin. Using protein electrophoresis, these two groups can be separated into five smaller fractions:
Albumin | Alpha-1 globulin | Alpha-2 globulin | Beta globulin | Gamma globulin
The primary use of this test is in the evaluation of multiple myeloma; a cancer of white blood cells responsible for producing antibodies. Symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, anemia, fatigue, unexplained fractures, and/or recurrent infections.
Nature has given progesterone to men and women alike to balance and offset the powerful effects of estrogen. Aging signs of women are weight gain, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and migraine. Some even have more debilitating conditions such as cancer, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and osteoporosis now play a predominant role in their lives.
As men age, they undergo weight gain, loss of libido and prostate enlargement. The main reason for all these conditions is the imbalance between two sex hormones: progesterone and estrogen. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with any hormones, it is important to take them approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn. Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
As men age, they undergo weight gain, loss of libido and prostate enlargement. The main reason for all these conditions is the imbalance between two sex hormones: progesterone and estrogen. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with any hormones, it is important to take them approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn. Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a small protein secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of the heart muscles cells (myocytes). BNP is secreted into the blood when heart is working hard. The N-terminal fragment of BNP is a highly sensitive marker for cardiac dysfunction.
An elevated NT-proBNP level always indicates the presence of an underlying cardiac disorder. It can even identify people with structural heart disease and cardiac dysfunction before symptoms begin. Even relatively low levels of NT-proBNP may be considered an index of increased cardiovascular risk since NT-proBNP abnormalities correlate well with development of progressive atherosclerosis. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
An elevated NT-proBNP level always indicates the presence of an underlying cardiac disorder. It can even identify people with structural heart disease and cardiac dysfunction before symptoms begin. Even relatively low levels of NT-proBNP may be considered an index of increased cardiovascular risk since NT-proBNP abnormalities correlate well with development of progressive atherosclerosis. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
PT stands for Prothrombin time and PTT stands for Partial Thromboplastin Time. They are measurements of how quickly a blood clot forms. These tests may be ordered when people present with unexplained bleeding or bruising or with chronic conditions such as liver disease or lupus. Fasting is not required. Take all medications as prescribed.
Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland. Major functions of prolactin: to induce milk production and to develop nerve cells. Higher levels of prolactin may cause tumors in the lungs, the pituitary gland, and the kidneys. Prolactin is sometimes used by doctors to evaluate sexual dysfunction of unknown cause in both men and women. It seems higher levels of prolactin may disrupt normal orgasms. Drugs, supplements, and certain diseases may disrupt normal prolactin blood levels. These include hypothyroidism, antidepressants, estrogen, pain killers, diuretics, and arginine. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
Special Note: Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is produced exclusively by cells of the prostate gland. Used in conjunction with the digital rectal examination, PSA is a useful screening test for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer development. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: Ejaculation within 48 hours preceding the blood draw may elevate the PSA in some men.
Special Note: Ejaculation within 48 hours preceding the blood draw may elevate the PSA in some men.
This panel contains the following tests:
PSA | Free PSA
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is produced exclusively by cells of the prostate gland. Used in conjunction with the digital rectal examination, PSA is a useful screening test for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer development.
Special Note: Ejaculation within 48 hours preceding the blood draw may elevate the PSA in some men.
PSA | Free PSA
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is produced exclusively by cells of the prostate gland. Used in conjunction with the digital rectal examination, PSA is a useful screening test for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer development.
Special Note: Ejaculation within 48 hours preceding the blood draw may elevate the PSA in some men.
BLOOD TESTS - R
Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells and are measured to evaluate the function of bone marrow. Normally as it matures, the red blood cell loses its nucleus. The remaining parts of the cell produce a characteristic color making them easy to identify. Reticulocytes are increased in conditions such as chronic blood loss, hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia. Reticulocytes will decrease in alcoholism, anemia of chronic disease, kidney dysfunction, and endocrine disease. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Reverse T3 is a non-functioning form of the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3). In the tissues, T4 normally converts to T3. However, other hormones such as cortisol may inhibit this conversion, producing reverse T3 (rT3). Having high levels of reverse T3 is known as thyroid resistance and produces symptoms of low thyroid function (hypothyroidism). If you suffer from symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin or hair loss and traditional thyroid lab results are inconclusive, you might consider checking reverse T3 level. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test is used in the detection and prognosis of autoimmune disorders of the joints. Rheumatoid factors are antibodies directed against components of the immune system and the joints. The Rheumatoid factor is found to be elevated in a majority of individuals with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and mixed connective tissue disorders. Fasting is not required for this test. Please take all prescription medications as prescribed. Do not take supplements the morning of the blood draw.
BLOOD TESTS - S
Testosterone and estradiol circulate in the bloodstream, bound mostly to SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) and to some degree other blood proteins. Only a small fraction of the sex hormones are unbound and biologically active and able to enter a cell and activate its receptor.
SHBG decreases the active form of the hormone available to the tissues. Thus bioavailability of sex hormones is influenced by the level of SHBG. High levels of insulin and androgens decrease SHBG level. On the other hand, thyroid hormone and estrogen increase it. Conditions with low SHBG include ovarian cysts, diabetes, and hypothyroidism. Conditions with high SHBG include pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, and anorexia.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed. Do not take supplements the day of the test.
Special Note: Any type of contraceptives that contain hormones will invalidate hormone results.
Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder most commonly identified by two symptoms; dry eyes and dry mouth. People with this condition often have a feeling of sand or grit in the eyes, swollen salivary glands, difficulty swallowing and a decreased sense of taste.
Two common conditions associated with Sjögren syndrome are Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). People with Sjögren's syndrome typically produce a variety of antibodies against their own body tissues. This test measures two such autoantibodies (IgG):
SS-A (Ro) | SS-B (La)
Fasting is not required. Take all medications as prescribed.
Two common conditions associated with Sjögren syndrome are Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). People with Sjögren's syndrome typically produce a variety of antibodies against their own body tissues. This test measures two such autoantibodies (IgG):
SS-A (Ro) | SS-B (La)
Fasting is not required. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - T
This panel contains the following tests with an interpretation chart included:
Antibodies to the Epstein Barr Early Antigen (EA) IgG
Antibodies to the Epstein Barr Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA) IgG
Antibodies to the Epstein Barr Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA) IgM
Antibodies to the Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen (EBNA)
This test is used to detect a suspected EBV acute infection. Epstein-Barr virus is a herpes-type virus which is the cause of classic infectious mononucleosis. EBV is causally implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and rare hereditary lymphoproliferative disorders. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Antibodies to the Epstein Barr Early Antigen (EA) IgG
Antibodies to the Epstein Barr Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA) IgG
Antibodies to the Epstein Barr Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA) IgM
Antibodies to the Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen (EBNA)
This test is used to detect a suspected EBV acute infection. Epstein-Barr virus is a herpes-type virus which is the cause of classic infectious mononucleosis. EBV is causally implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and rare hereditary lymphoproliferative disorders. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test measures thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) and is often used in conjunction with the antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA). Doctors often use these tests to help them assess thyroid function, follow treatment for thyroid disease and differentiate between autoimmune conditions of the thyroid. Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase can result in symptoms of low thyroid such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and constipation. Conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and pernicious anemia often have these antibodies present. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is one of three proteins responsible for carrying the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the bloodstream. These hormones can be found in two forms: free or attached to a protein The greatest percentage of thyroid hormones are attached to TBG.
This test can be used to:
Monitor or diagnose thyroid disorders Monitor thyroid replacement therapy Help evaluate function of the pituitary gland Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test can be used to:
Monitor or diagnose thyroid disorders Monitor thyroid replacement therapy Help evaluate function of the pituitary gland Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This panel contains the following tests:
Free Testosterone
Total Testosterone
Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females with small amounts also secreted by the adrenal glands. It is the principal anabolic steroid responsible for directing metabolism and the repair and regeneration of healthy tissues. In men, testosterone also plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass and hair growth. On average, an adult male produces about ten times more testosterone than an adult female. However, women are far more sensitive to testosterone than men. Women with low testosterone may be more at risk for bone disease, heart disease, stroke, loss of libido, and chronic infections. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with any hormones, it is important to take them approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn.
Free Testosterone
Total Testosterone
Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females with small amounts also secreted by the adrenal glands. It is the principal anabolic steroid responsible for directing metabolism and the repair and regeneration of healthy tissues. In men, testosterone also plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass and hair growth. On average, an adult male produces about ten times more testosterone than an adult female. However, women are far more sensitive to testosterone than men. Women with low testosterone may be more at risk for bone disease, heart disease, stroke, loss of libido, and chronic infections. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: If you are supplementing with any hormones, it is important to take them approximately 2 hours prior to having blood drawn.
This panel contains the following tests:
Thyroid antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA)
Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO)
Thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are proteins involved in the production of thyroid hormones. It is possible for antibodies from own immune system to attack these proteins rendering them dysfunctional. Both are often used in conjunction with each other to assess thyroid function, follow treatment for thyroid disease and differentiate between autoimmune conditions of the thyroid. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Thyroid antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA)
Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO)
Thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are proteins involved in the production of thyroid hormones. It is possible for antibodies from own immune system to attack these proteins rendering them dysfunctional. Both are often used in conjunction with each other to assess thyroid function, follow treatment for thyroid disease and differentiate between autoimmune conditions of the thyroid. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid to make T3 and T4. When TSH is elevated, low thyroid function may be indicated. When TSH is low, it is indicative of high thyroid function. TSH is used as a first line screening tool to assess thyroid disease; however, is best utilized when evaluated in conjuction with other thyroid markers such as T3, T4, thyroid antibodies, etc. Additionally, health care providers check TSH to monitor disease progression and treatment. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Transferrin is the main protein in the blood that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body. Transferrin levels rise with iron deficiency and fall in cases of iron overload. Transferrin is also responsible for circadian variation in serum iron (which peaks in the AM).
Normally, iron is absorbed from food and transported throughout the body by transferrin, which is produced by the liver. About 70% of the iron is transported to the bone marrow and incorporated into hemoglobin within red blood cells. The remainder is stored in the tissues as ferritin.
An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Special Note: Transferrin is increased in patients on oral contraceptives and in late pregnancy. Transferrin may not be elevated in iron-deficient states in which there is severe protein malnutrition
This test measures thyroglobulin antibody, also known as antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA) and is often used in conjunction with the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO). Doctors often use these tests to help them assess thyroid function, follow treatment for thyroid disease and differentiate between autoimmune conditions of the thyroid. Antibodies to thyroglobulin can result in symptoms of low thyroid such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and constipation. Conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and pernicious anemia often have these antibodies present. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This panel contains the following tests:
Thyroid antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA)
Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO)
Thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are proteins involved in the production of thyroid hormones. It is possible for antibodies from own immune system to attack these proteins rendering them dysfunctional. Both are often used in conjunction with each other to assess thyroid function, follow treatment for thyroid disease and differentiate between autoimmune conditions of the thyroid.
Antibodies to either of these important thyroid proteins can result in symptoms of low thyroid such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and constipation. Conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia often have these antibodies present. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Thyroid antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA)
Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO)
Thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are proteins involved in the production of thyroid hormones. It is possible for antibodies from own immune system to attack these proteins rendering them dysfunctional. Both are often used in conjunction with each other to assess thyroid function, follow treatment for thyroid disease and differentiate between autoimmune conditions of the thyroid.
Antibodies to either of these important thyroid proteins can result in symptoms of low thyroid such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and constipation. Conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia often have these antibodies present. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Thyroxine, otherwise known as T4, is a hormone produced and secreted by the thyroid gland. At the tissue level, T4 is converted into the more active form of the hormone called T3. For this reason, T4 is considered a measurement of total production of thyroid hormone. High levels of T4 are associated with symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, diarrhea, and muscle aches and pains. These symptoms collectively are known as hyperthyroidism. Low levels of T4, known as hypothyroidism, are associated with symptoms such as depression, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, constipation and cold intolerance. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test measures the total amount of T3 produced by the body. T3 or triiodothyronine is the active form of the thyroid hormone. T3 acts as a metabolic throttle for fueling all of the daily cellular functions. Hypothyroidism is a condition where T3 blood levels are low. This causes cellular dysfunction and metabolic breakdown.
Symptoms are weight gain, constipation, dry skin and hair loss. Low T3 levels may even lead to the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Hyperthyroidism is the term for elevated T3 blood levels. Symptoms are anxiety, insomnia, heart palpitations, and bowel discomfort.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Symptoms are weight gain, constipation, dry skin and hair loss. Low T3 levels may even lead to the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Hyperthyroidism is the term for elevated T3 blood levels. Symptoms are anxiety, insomnia, heart palpitations, and bowel discomfort.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This panel contains the following tests:
Free T3
Free T4
Optimal thyroid hormone production supports resting metabolic rate, which is essential in maintaining a healthy weight. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Free T3
Free T4
Optimal thyroid hormone production supports resting metabolic rate, which is essential in maintaining a healthy weight. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This panel contains the following tests:
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Total Thyroxine (T4)
Free Thyroxine (T4)
Free Tri-iodothyronine (T3) This panel is used to evaluate overall thyroid function. Low thyroid function may result in fatigue, dry skin, and excessive weight gain.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Total Thyroxine (T4)
Free Thyroxine (T4)
Free Tri-iodothyronine (T3) This panel is used to evaluate overall thyroid function. Low thyroid function may result in fatigue, dry skin, and excessive weight gain.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
The thyroid gland produces and secretes T4, otherwise known as thyroxine. Proteins bind to T4 and carry it throughout the bloodstream. Once in the tissues, T4 is released from the proteins and is now free to convert into the more active form called T3. For this reason, many doctors believe that measuring free T4 is a more sensitive test for thyroid hormone production.
High levels of free T4 are associated with symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, diarrhea, and muscle aches and pains. These symptoms collectively are known as hyperthyroidism.
Low levels of free T4, known as hypothyroidism, are associated with symptoms such as depression, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, constipation and cold intolerance.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test measures the amount of T3 available to the tissues, or free T3. Many doctors believe that evaluating the levels of free T3 is the best indicator of thyroid function. For a more extensive evaluation of thyroid function, T3 or triiodothyronine is the active form of the thyroid hormone. T3 acts as a metabolic throttle for fueling all of the daily cellular functions.
Hypothyroidism is a condition where T3 blood levels are low. This condition causes cellular dysfunction and metabolic break-down. Symptoms are weight gain, constipation, dry skin and hair loss. Low T3 levels may even lead to the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
Hyperthyroidism is the term for elevated T3 blood levels. Symptoms are anxiety, insomnia, heart palpitations, and bowel discomfort. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Hypothyroidism is a condition where T3 blood levels are low. This condition causes cellular dysfunction and metabolic break-down. Symptoms are weight gain, constipation, dry skin and hair loss. Low T3 levels may even lead to the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
Hyperthyroidism is the term for elevated T3 blood levels. Symptoms are anxiety, insomnia, heart palpitations, and bowel discomfort. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - U
A routine urinalysis (UA) can reveal diseases that have gone unnoticed because they do not produce striking signs or symptoms. Examples include diabetes, various forms of kidney disease, and chronic urinary tract infections.
The UA involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine. A routine urinalysis consists of three distinct testing phases:
Physical examination — evaluates urine color, clarity, and concentration
Chemical examination — tests chemically for 9 substances that provide valuable information about health and disease
A microscopic examination if needed — identifies and counts the type of cells, casts, crystals, and other components (bacteria, mucus) that can be present in urine
Fasting is not required for this test.
Special Note: Certain medicines change the color of urine but is not necessarily a sign of disease. doctor may tell you to stop taking certain medications and supplements that can affect test results. These can include:
Chloroquine | Iron supplements | Levodopa | Nitrofurantoin | Phenazopyridine | Phenothiazines | Phenytoin | Riboflavin | Triamterene
Special Note: Certain medicines change the color of urine but is not necessarily a sign of disease. doctor may tell you to stop taking certain medications and supplements that can affect test results. These can include:
Chloroquine | Iron supplements | Levodopa | Nitrofurantoin | Phenazopyridine | Phenothiazines | Phenytoin | Riboflavin | Triamterene
BLOOD TESTS - V
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that promotes normal vision, contributes to growth of bone, teeth, and soft tissues and helps maintain skin and mucous membranes. Vitamin A also supports the formation of thyroid hormone and helps to fight infections.
This test does not measure beta carotene, the precursor to vitamin A (the active form). An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. No foods or supplements containing vitamin A should be ingested in the previous 48 hours leading up to the test. Take all medications as prescribed.
This test does not measure beta carotene, the precursor to vitamin A (the active form). An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. No foods or supplements containing vitamin A should be ingested in the previous 48 hours leading up to the test. Take all medications as prescribed.
From proper immune function and bone density to heart health and mood disorders, vitamin D is critical for optimal health. Optimal blood levels of vitamin D are often far greater than the standard reference range. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is an essential nutrient as it plays a vital role in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Thiamine deficiency can develop after only one month of a thiamine-free diet. Mild thiamine deficiency occurs in pregnant women (increased requirement), in alcoholics, the elderly, and in malabsorption syndromes. Severe thiamine deficiency is a disorder called beriberi. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Special Note: Plasma thiamine levels show only recent intake rather than body stores; therefore, whole blood is the preferred specimen for thiamin assessment.
Special Note: Plasma thiamine levels show only recent intake rather than body stores; therefore, whole blood is the preferred specimen for thiamin assessment.
Vitamin K is a group of fat-soluble vitamins essential for the functioning of several proteins involved in blood clotting. Insufficient vitamin K can lead to excessive bleeding and easy bruising. Without sufficient amounts of vitamin K, calcium can build up on the arterial wall resulting in vascular and cardiovascular problems.
Vitamin K is also involved in maintaining healthy bones by assisting in the transportation of calcium from the blood to the bone. Low blood levels of vitamin K have been associated with low bone density. Maintaining adequate levels of vitamin K can improve bone health while reducing the risk of fractures.
There are two basic forms of vitamin K:
Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) – comes from the diet, especially green leafy vegetables
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) – produced by bacteria in the intestine and includes different forms such as MK-7 and MK-4
This blood test measures only vitamin K1.
Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
Vitamin B12 and folic acid blood testing help doctors diagnose central nervous system disorders, anemia, and malabsorption syndromes. B12 and folic acid also play an important role in energy level, muscle strength, and memory. Because B12 and folate are derived solely from dietary intake, such as egg yolks, beef, poultry and fish, many people are deficient in these important vitamins. An 8 to 12 hour fast is required for this blood test. However, drink plenty of water and take medications as prescribed.
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that is widely available in fish, chicken, some fruits and vegetables, and wheat germ. B6 may be decreased with malabsorption and inflammatory disease of the small bowel, as well as alcoholism and diabetes mellitus. Deficiency of this vitamin has been implicated in a wide variety of clinical conditions such as impaired red blood cell function, amino acid metabolism, and immune function. Additionally, in adults, elevated serum homocysteine levels due to vitamin B6 deficiency may increase the risk for arterial plaque. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
BLOOD TESTS - Z
This test is used to evaluate deficiencies in zinc since the body does not store this important mineral. Levels may be low in fever, sepsis, estrogen therapy, stress, or heart disease. Zinc deficiencies may result in abnormal development, poor immune function, and hormone imbalances. Additionally people with low levels of zinc often report altered taste and smell, impaired night vision, and emotional instability. Fasting is not required for this test. Take all medications as prescribed.
